DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES
Definition
Deep cycle battery is a type of lead-acid rechargeable battery that could be drained of most of its power and recharged repeatedly. However, overcharging lessens the battery’s lifespan, thus it must be avoided. This type of battery is commonly seen in traffic lights, electric scooters, golf carts, and marine applications.
Design
Deep cycle batteries are composed of thick solid lead plates. Because the plates are thicker there is less surface area producing less current. But this current can be produced and maintained for longer periods.
STARTING, LIGHTING, AND IGNITION (SLI) BATTERY
Definition
Starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) battery is a type of lead-acid rechargeable battery commonly used in cars. It is designed to provide a lot of power at once; it powers the car’s motor, ignition and lights. When an SLI battery loses 5% of its charge, it starts recharging through the alternator. When an SLI battery is completely discharged, it can damage the plates and reduce the lifespan of the battery.
Design
An SLI battery is effective in a car for 3-6 years. It is composed of six galvanic cells arranged in a series to provide a 12-volt system. Heavy vehicles, which run on diesel, would require two batteries for a 24-volt system.
Each cell comprises a series of lead (negative electrode) and lead dioxide (positive electrode) plates which are immersed in an electrolyte solution. These plates are thinner and so more surface area. A greater surface area is needed to have a higher current carrying capacity. The electrolyte solution contains 35 percent sulphuric acid and 65 percent water. The electrolyte reacts with the lead dioxide plate forming ions and lead sulphate. The ions then react with the lead plates to form hydrogen ions and lead sulphate. This reaction produces electrons that can exit through conductive terminals as electricity. The whole process is reversible and repeatable.
Below is a table of comparison between a deep cycle and SLI battery:
|
Deep Cycle Battery |
SLI Battery |
|
|
Type of Battery |
Lead acid |
Lead acid |
|
Optimal discharge before recharging |
45-75% |
up to 5% |
|
Uses |
Traffic lights Golf carts Audio equipment |
Car batteries |
|
Design |
||
|
Material of plates |
Lead plates |
Lead plates Lead dioxide plates |
|
Density of plates |
Thicker |
Thinner |
|
Current produced |
Steady lower current |
Higher current |
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