This is a good topic to consider, given the global push for battery safety. A quick dive into Wikipedia tells us these batteries account for 80% of manufactured batteries in the United States. And that globally, our industry produces 10 billion individual single-use alkaline batteries worldwide a year. Perhaps the answer lies in their simple, low-toxic design that keeps them affordable.
Alkaline Battery Chemistry in Simple Terms
A primary alkaline storage cell has a negative zinc electrode and a positive manganese-dioxide cathode. The alkaline potassium-hydroxide electrolyte regenerates after the reaction, although using the battery consumes the electrodes.
The capacity of alkaline batteries, or their ability to deliver electricity, depends on the load demand on them. In any case, the nominal cell output of 1.5 volts declines steadily until it reaches the cut-off point of the device it serves.
The actual rate of electron flow (current) depends of the physical size of this battery type, and is roughly proportional. This phenomenon is due to internal resistance decreasing with larger physical size.
Manufacture of Alkaline Energy Storage Cells
Single-use alkaline batteries come in button battery forms, as well as standard cylinder shapes they share with zinc-carbon types, making them interchangeable. Several alkaline cells may join inside cases producing higher voltages.
The cylindrical version we feature in our image is inside a steel canister that serves as its positive cathode. While the negative anode comprises dispersed zinc powder in a gel containing the potassium-hydroxide electrolyte.
Finally, a non-woven layer of cellulose, or a synthetic polymer does duty as the separator, preventing contact between the cathode and anode material. Several defenses are added to help prevent seepage of chemicals.
Safe Disposal of Spent Alkaline Batteries
Single use, primary alkaline batteries are not suitable for recharging. We strongly advise against attempting this. It is safer to ignore the charger kits you may find on the internet, for you will not achieve much in the long run.
The alkaline cells in the shops are readily recyclable after they are spent. However, there is no general standard regarding where to hand them in. We recommend you speak to a reputable supplier in the jurisdiction where you live, and follow their advice.
More Information
Alkaline Battery Chemistry and Capacity
