There is a big difference between fuel cells and batteries, though both have cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes. Batteries run down as they do their work and then we must recharge them, if they are rechargeable. Fuel cells could theoretically go on forever as long as they have their fuel. Moreover, that fuel is hydrogen, the most abundant chemical substance in the universe!
How Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work
A supply of fuel, in this case hydrogen, arrives at the anode, while air goes to the cathode. It does not necessarily have to be hydrogen though. There are other possibilities, but we must start somewhere.
A catalyst at the anode separates the hydrogen atoms into electrons and protons. The electrons arrive at the cathode via an external electric circuit, while the protons travel through the electrolyte to get there.
A small miracle happens when the electrons and protons meet at the cathode. They unite with the oxygen supply, and produce water and heat.
How Powerful Are Fuel Cells, What Are Their Uses?
Each individual fuel cell produces a tiny amount of direct current electricity. When we assemble a number of them in a stack, the possibilities become exciting! If we had enough of them, we could build a utility power station.
Although practical applications are taking time, fuel cells have two huge advantages. In principle, they can go on forever without human intervention. Also, their by-product is water instead of pollution and smog.
Science is still developing a working model we could go out and purchase. But it may not be too long now. Back in 2003, President George W. Bush declared fuel cells a national priority and promised a billion dollars.
The U.S. Department of Energy is working tirelessly to solve the remaining challenges of durability, performance, and cost. Research is also ongoing at universities, national laboratories, and industry partners. George Bush’s target is 2020. We hope the date comes around soon.
Related
Graphene Can Improve Fuel-Cell Technology
New More Energy-Efficient Fuel Cells … Power on Planes
Preview Image: Block Diagram of a Fuel Cell
