French President Emmanuel Macron was ahead of the pack when he announced internal combustion vehicle sales would end in 2040. Our analysis of climate change in France reveals a 30% greater air temperature increase than the global average this century. The French average annual temperature increase was 0.95 °C compared to 0.74 °C globally, reflecting a high level of industrialization.
Climate Change in France: The Harsh Reality
However, climate change in France was even more concerning during the second half of the 20th century. Then, mainland France averaged a 1.1 to 1.5 °C temperature rise from 1949 to 1999. The country also experienced seven heatwaves during the same period.
The gateway criteria were ‘at least one day with daily minimum 18°C and maximum 34°C. Moreover, there had to be a minimum duration of 3 days with relatively high temperatures’ per Climate Change Post. France generally benefits from a temperate climate, although the Alps, Pyrenees, and high Massif Central experience cooler weather in winter.
Additionally, Autumn and winter rainfall increased between 5 and 35% during the last century, with a compensating drop in summer. Climate Change Post reports that climate change accelerated in southern France from 1985 onward.
These Changes Are Reflected by Increased Precipitation
An extreme rainfall event occurred in the Cévennes mountains in south-central France in 2014. Moist air from the Mediterranean triggered thunderstorms releasing 300 millimeters of rain daily. These triggered floods causing devastation. Statistical models suggest the likelihood of repetitions increased by a factor of 2.5 during the current climate change.
The Alpine glaciers have shrunk by 70% since 1850 and the acceleration of mass loss is continuing. Moreover, climate change in France coupled to rising sea levels is increasing low-level area flooding. Many of France’s ancient cities are now at risk of inundation this century. Their ancient flood defenses are no longer adequate in the long term. How shall we replace them without destroying their historic ambiance?
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Preview Image: Cévennes National Park, Lozère, France
